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分身术,一台机器中运行多个Mysql 服务-数据库

发布时间:2011-11-12 浏览:5006

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第一部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 服务。

**********************************************************

一,绪言

在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令,可用于在一台物理服务器运行多个Mysql服务,今天参考一些文档,亲自测试并通过,真高兴,现将操作过程共享给大家!

操作系统:Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux应该也差不多。

数据库:Mysql 4.0.17 源程序安装(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多,过些天再试试)

规划:运行4个mysql服务:

假设服务器名:db-app (IP为192.168.0.100),

假设服务器名:db-app2 (IP为192.168.0.101),

下文直到第二部分,均为讲述db-app中的mysql,

二,准备

用mysql源程序安装,假设在安装时用的configura选择项

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data1

--sysconfdir=/etc

备注:--prefix将MYSQL安装到/usr/local/mysql,

--datadir将数据库生成/usr/local/mysql/data1

sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路径为/etc,其他mysql安装过程略。

根据Mysql管理手册中提到:每个Mysql的服务都可为独立的,所以它都调用一个my.cnf中各自不同的启动选项--就是下文中将提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服务的数据库都是独立的(更多可查阅mysql官方网站的英文管理手册)。

mysqld_multi是管理多个mysqld的服务进程,这些服务进程程序不同的unix socket或是监听于不同的端口。他可以启动、停止和监控当前的服务状态。

----程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定义的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段,"#"可以是任意的正整数。这个正整数就是在下面提及的段序列,即GNR。段的序号做为mysqld_multi的参数,来区别不同的段,这样你就可以控制特定mysqld进程的启动、停止或得到他的报告信息。这些组里的参数就像启动一个mysqld所需要的组的参数一样。但是,如果使用多服务,必须为每个服务指定一个unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务 )。

从上述文字可看到多Mysql服务中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了。

现我贴出我的my.cnf文件:

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

user = mysql (用一个帐号来启动所有的mysql服务器,因为是用一相同的帐号。那个么这帐号必须都是每个mysql服务都要用的帐号,最好是管理帐号,下面的口令与相同)

password = mypaswd
[mysqld1]
port      = 3306
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock1
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pid
log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.log
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
user = mysql
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld3]
port            = 3308
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock3
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld4]
port            = 3309
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock4
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4
log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是说我将启动4个mysql服务在同一服务器的不同端口——3306-3309,每datadir所指定的数据库文件路径都是不相同的,都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些设置可用my.cnf 原来的内容。

ok, 重要的my.cnf编好的,现在为配置中不同mysql 服务建立各自文件夹和初始数据库等。

[mysqld1]是一个默认的,在我们安装mysql时已经有了,所以不用管它。

[mysqld2],只要根据配置就的路径为它建立一个目录就可以了.将把该目录改为mysql管理权。

db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data2

数据库,我们可以把默认的mysql数据库复制过来,以利用其它的mysql帐号,其它数据库根据应用再建立。

db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R

db-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R

[mysqld3],[mysqld4], 相同。

我们可能看看这些目录是否都存在。

db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/mysql/

drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1

drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2

drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3

现在可以通过mysqld_multi启动了。

三,mysqld_multi命令

使用如下参数来启动mysqld_multi: (注:该命令在mysql的bin目录中,根据上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以该文件应该在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 这得根据你安装时所指定的路径 )。

db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]

start,stop和report是指你想到执行的操作。你可以在单独的服务或是多服务上指定一个操作,区别于选项后面的GNR列表。如果没有指定GNR列表,那么mysqld_multi将在所有的服务中根据选项文件进行操作。

每一个GNR的值是组的序列号或是一个组的序列号范围。此项的值必须是组名字最后的数字,比如说如果组名为mysqld17,那么此项的值则为17.如果指定一个范围,使用"-"(破折号)来连接二个数字。如GNR的值为10-13,则指组mysqld10到组mysqld13。多个组或是组范围可以在命令行中指定,使用","(逗号)隔开。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab),在空白字符后面的参数将会被忽略。 (注:GNR值就是我们定义my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我这里只有1-4)。

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1 只启动第一个mysql服务,相关文件由my.cnf中mysql1设定。

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1 停止第一个mysql服务

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 启动第1至4mysql服务,其实就是我这里的全部。

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf report 1-4 查看启动:

db-app:/ # ps aux

root 10467 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock1

root 10475 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock2

root 10482 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3308 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3

root 10487 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3309 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock4

四,客户端访问

任何客户端访问都需要指定访问端口.方才能进入指定数据库服务.否则将使用到Mysql默认的端口(3306)所服务的MYSQL。

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第二部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql主服务。

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提示:建立一个帐号,专门用于下面主从复制,本例用的的帐号repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 可让其拥有select_priv,reload_priv,process_priv,grant_priv,super_priv,repl_slave_priv,repl_client_priv权限,并能通过任何客户进行访问,即访问客户为'%'。

主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个mysql生成自己的bin-log文件及各自的运行环境,现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容,相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册。

#[client]
#password       = your_password
#port           = 3306
#socket         = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql
password = mypasswd
[mysqld1]
port      = 3306
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock1
skip-locking
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 32M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=500
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/app-net1_1-bin
server-id       = 1
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data2/app-net1_2-bin
server-id       = 1
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
skip-locking
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data3/app-net1_3-bin
server-id       = 1
[mysqld4]
port            = 3309
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock4
skip-locking
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1d.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1
log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1_4-bin
server-id      = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

启动多mysql服务都是相同的,

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4

**********************************************************

第三部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 从服务。

**********************************************************

构建从服务器的预选准备: 建议用mysqld_multi 把主服务器的mysql全部停掉.删除数据目录中的所有除数据库目录以外的任何文件(此文中的数据目录库有4个,datadir = /usr/local/mysql/中的 data1 -- data1).建主从都用相同的数据目录路径.

用Tar 命令把每数据库封装起来,并通过sftp命令put/get到从服务器(db-app1 192.168.0.101)。

下列操作供参考:

在db-app主机上的操作

db-app:/ # tar -cf data1.tar /usr/local/mysql/data1

db-app:/ # tar -cf data2.tar /usr/local/mysql/data2

db-app:/ # tar -cf data3.tar /usr/local/mysql/data3

db-app:/ # tar -cf data4.tar /usr/local/mysql/data4

在db-app1主机上的操作

db-app1:/ # tar xvf data1.tar

db-app1:/ # tar xvf data2.tar

db-app1:/ # tar xvf data3.tar

db-app1:/ # tar xvf data4.tar

同时,请确认系统帐号mysql是否对主/从服务器的中的mysql数据目录都有操作权限,如果无法确认,你直接更修改这些目录的所有权即可。

在db-app主机上的操作

db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R

db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R

db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R

db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R

在db-app1主机上的操作

db-app1:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R

db-app2:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R

db-app3:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R

db-app4:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R

下面就是从服务器上/etc/my.cnf的全部内容。

提示:下面的my.cnf中将会提到一个帐号:repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 这个帐号就是上面专门建立的。

其实都一样,主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个从mysql通过主mysql的不同的端口,去获取各自bin-log来更新自生的数据库内容.现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容(从服务器),相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册。

#[client]
#password       = your_password
#port           = 3306
#socket         = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql
password = netmoniit
[mysqld1]
port      = 3306
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock1
skip-locking
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 32M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=500
server-id       = 2
master-host     =   192.168.0.100
master-user     =   'repl'
master-password =   '1234567890'
master-port     =  3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id       = 2
master-host     =   192.168.0.100
master-user     =   'repl'
master-password =   '1234567890'
master-port     =  3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data3/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id       = 2
master-host     =   192.168.0.100
master-user     =   'repl'
master-password =   '1234567890'
master-port     =  3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1d.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4
log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data4/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id       = 2
master-host     =   192.168.0.100
master-user     =   'repl'
master-password =   '1234567890'
master-port     =  3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

在功告成,现在分别启动两台主机上的多mysql服务,这样,每个主服务的每个mysql有变化,都会自动复制/更新到从服务器对应的数据库中。

db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4

db-app1:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4

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